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Al-Milal wa al-Nihal (Arabic: كتاب الملل والنحل), meaning The Book of Sects and Creeds , is a monumental work of comparative religion and doxography written by the influential Islamic scholar Abu al-Fath Muhammad al-Shahrastani (d. 1153 CE). Completed around 1127-1128 CE, it is widely considered the first systematic study of religious communities and philosophical schools and remains an indispensable primary source for understanding the religious landscape of the medieval world.
For students and researchers seeking an , it is important to note that while the original Arabic text is widely available in digital archives, complete English translations are more specialized. Key Features of the Work al-milal wa al-nihal english pdf
Detailed chapters on the Mu'tazilah, Khawarij, Murji'ites, Shi'ites, and others.
translated by A.K. Kazi and J.G. Flynn . It was originally published in the journal Abra-Nahrain and later as a book. It covers the first half of the work focusing on Islamic groups. Quick Summary for Social Media/Blog Post If you are writing a post about this book, 📚 Book Spotlight: Al-Milal wa al-Nihal by Al-Shahrastani This is the most reliable source for free, legal PDFs
Groups with written scriptures or revealed doctrines, including Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Philosophical Groups (
Unlike many earlier works that were primarily polemical or apologetic, al-Shahrastani's approach was notably impartial. He sought to objectively describe the beliefs and practices of various religious communities and philosophical schools, from the major Abrahamic faiths to the ancient traditions of India, Persia, and Greece. This work is considered the first systematic study of religion. Completed around 1127-1128 CE, it is widely considered
Provides high-resolution and low-resolution options for the text, offering a robust digital format. Key Content Structure in the English PDF
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